I think that a lot of prisoners would be integrated into the societies or units that detain them, normal caveats of danger and sanity withstanding. The difficulty of communications over relatively short distances would make most communities self-reliant islands in pretty short order. EPWs would be integrated or disposed of in equal measure and short order.
In terms of extermination, I don't think it really matters. Whatever is left after the nuclear exchange doesn't have the resources to exterminate much of anything. Back to the dark ages!
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