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CANADIAN FORCES

Note: Canada uses an integrated force structure, not separate branches. Technically, all military units are part of the Canadian Forces and organized by role not service.

Note: The 1st Canadian Infantry Division was re-activated in April 1988. The only forward-deployed unit is the 4th Canadian Mech Brigade Group in Lahr, FRG. In wartime, the other two brigades along with 1st Division HQ and supporting units would be deployed to Germany. Canada maintains 7 days of war stocks.

1st Canadian Infantry Division (Mech); In wartime assigned to the US VII Corps.

1st Canadian Brigade Group - Calgary, Alberta:
Lord Strathcona's Royal Canadian Horse: 38 Cougar, 23 Lynx
1st Bn, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry: 48 M113, 8 Lynx, 8 81mm mortars, 24 Carl Gustav, 12 TOW
3rd Bn, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry: 48 M113, 8 Lynx, 8 81mm mortars, 24 Carl Gustav, 12 TOW
3rd Regiment Royal Canadian Horse Artillery: 24 M109A1, 6 Blowpipe SAM
1st Combat Engineer Regiment:
408th Tactical Helicopter Squadron: 12 CH136 Kiowa (OH58)
4th Canadian Mech Brigade Group - Lahr, FRG:
8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's): 59 Leopard C-1, 24 Lynx, 3 Leopard ARV (Taurus?), 23 M113
1e Bn, Royal 22e Regiment: 48 M113, 8 Lynx, 8 81mm mortars, 12 60mm Mortars, 24 Carl Gustav, 18 M113 TUA
3rd Bn, Royal Canadian Regiment: 48 M113, 8 Lynx, 8 81mm mortars, 12 60mm Mortars, 24 Carl Gustav, 18 M113 TUA
1st Regiment Royal Canadian Horse Artillery: 24 M109A2, 6 Blowpipe SAM
4th Combat Engineer Regiment: Size of large company with 3 Biber, 19 M113, 3 Lynx
444th Helicopter Squadron: 12 CH136 Kiowa (OH58)
4th Air Defence Regiment, Royal Canadian Artillery:
127th ADA Batter: 16 Oerlikon 35mm, ? ADATS by 1988, ? Javelins
128th ADA Battery: (airfield defence)
129th ADA Battery: (airfield defence)
5e Groupe-Brigade Mecanise du Canada - Valcartier, Quebec:
12e Regiment Blinde du Canada: 38 Cougar, 23 Lynx
2e Bn, Royal 22e Regiment: 48 Grizzly, 8 Lynx, 8 81mm mortars, 24 Carl Gustav, 12 TOW
3e Bn, Royal 22e Regiment: 48 Grizzly, 8 Lynx, 8 81mm mortars, 24 Carl Gustav, 12 TOW
2nd Bn, Royal Canadian Regiment: 48 Grizzly, 8 Lynx, 8 81mm mortars, 24 Carl Gustav, 12 TOW
5e Regiment d'Artillerie legere du Canada: 24 M109A1, 6 Blowpipe SAM
5e Regiment Genie du Combat (Engineers):
427th Tactical Helicopter Squadron: 10 CH136, 14 UH1, 3 CH47

Note 1: There were an additional 6 Leopard C-1s at the gunnery school, with the remaining 18-20 at Lahr, FRG, in war reserve.

Note 2: The two mech infantry battalions in the FRG may have actually had about 86 M113, 4 M113 Engineering, and 66 84mm CGs apiece.

Special Service Force - Petawawa, Ontario
assigned to reinforce NATO:

Royal Canadian Dragoons: 19 Leopard C-1, 38 Cougar, 23 Lynx, 8 M113
Canadian Airborne Regiment (battalion sized):
1ere Commando Aeroporte:
2nd Airborne Commando
3rd Airborne Commando
F Battery, 2nd Bn, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery: 6 M56 105mm pack howitzers
1st Bn, Royal Canadian Regiment: 48 Grizzly, 8 Lynx, 8 81mm mortar, 24 Carl Gustav, 12 TOW
2nd Bn, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry: 48 Grizzly, 8 Lynx, 8 81mm mortars, 24 Carl Gustav, 12 TOW
2nd Bn, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery: 24 towed 105mm howitzers
2nd Combat Engineer Regiment:
427th Tactical Helicopter Squadron:

1 Battalion Battle Group
Canadian contingent to the Allied Mobile Force (AMF)

1 Infantry Battalion: 40 Grizzly, 8 M113, 8 Lynx, 8 81mm mortar, 24 Carl Gustav, 12 TOW
1 battery, Royal Canadian Horse Artillery: 6 C2 105mm towed howitzers

Note: In 1990 exercises in Norway, the battalion deployed was 1st PPCLI, the artillery was D battery, 2RCHA

Reserves – the Militia

5 Regional HQ's: These equate to Divisional HQ's.
Armored Regiments (battalions): 12 light armor with approximately 4 cougars apiece; 7 recce
The Governor Generals Horse Guards -- Toronto, Ontario
The Elgin Regiment (RCAC)
The Ontario Regiment (RCAC) -- Oshawa, Ontario recce unit
The Queens York Rangers (1st American Regiment) -- Toronto and Aurora, Ontario
The Sherbrooke Hussars -- Sherbrooke, Quebec
12e Regiment blindee du Canada (milice) -- Trois-Rivieres, Quebec
1st Hussars -- London and Sarnia, Ontario
The Prince Edward Island Regiment (RCAC) -- Charlottetown and Summerside PEI
The Royal Canadian Hussars (Montreal) -- Montreal, Quebec
The British Columbia Regiment (Duke of Connaught`s Own)(RCAC) -- Vancouver, BC
The South Alberta Light Horse -- Edmonton and Medicine Hat, Alberta
The Saskatchewan Dragoons -- Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan
The Kings Own Calgary Regiment (RCAC) -- Calgary
The British Columbia Dragoons -- Kelowna, BC
The Fort Garry Horse -- Winnipeg, Manitoba
Le Regiment de Hull (RCAC) -- Gatineau, Quebec
The Windsor Regiment (RCAC) -- Windsor, Ontario
8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise`s) (militia) -- Moncton, Sackville and Sussex, New Brunswick
(one other, name not known)
Infantry Battalions: Effectively at company strength at any given time
Governor Generals Foot Guards -- Toronto, Ontario
The Canadian Grenadier Guards -- Montreal, Quebec
The Queen`s Own Rifles of Canada -- Toronto, Ontario
The Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada
Les Voltigeurs de Quebec -- Quebec
The Royal Regiment of Canada
The Royal Hamilton Light Infantry -- Hamilton, Ontario
The Princes of Wales`s Own Regiment
The Hastings and Welland Regiment -- Belleville, Ontario
The Lincoln and Welland Regiment
4th Bn, The Royal Canadian Regiment -- London, Ontario
The Royal Highland Fusiliers of Canada -- Cambridge, Ontario
The Grey and Simcoe Forresters -- Owen Sound, Ontario
The Lorne Scots (Peel, Dufferin and Halton Regiment) -- Brampton, Ontario
The Brockville Rifles -- Brockville, Ontario
The Stormont, Dundas and Glengarry Highlanders -- Cornwall, Ontario
Les Fusiliers de St.Laurent -- Rimouski, Quebec
Le Regiment de la Chaudiere -- Quebec
4e Bn, Le Royal 22e Regiment (Chateauguay) -- Quebec
6e Bn, Le Royal 22e Regiment -- Quebec
Les Fusiliers Mont-Royal -- Quebec
The Princess Louise`s Fusiliers
1st Bn, The Royal New Brunswick Regiment
2nd Bn, The Royal New Brunswick Regiment
1st Bn, The Nova Scotia Highlanders (North) -- Truro, NS
2nd Bn, The Nova Scotia Highlanders (Cape Breton) -- Sydney, NS
Le Regiment de Maisonneuve -- Quebec
The Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa -- Ottawa, Ontario
The Royal Winnipeg Rifles -- Winnipeg
The Essex and Kent Scottish Regiment -- Windsor, Ontario
48th Highlanders of Canada -- Toronto, Ontario
Le Regiment de Saguenay -- Quebec
The Algonquin Regiment -- North Bay, Ontario
The Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada -- Hamilton, Ontario
The Lake Superior Scottish Regiment -- Thunder Bay, Ontario
The North Saskatchewan Regiment
The Royal Regina Rifles -- Regina
The Rocky Mountain Rangers -- Kamloops, BC
The Loyal Edmonton Regiment (4th Bn, Princess Patricias Canadian Light Infantry) -- Edmonton
The Queens Own Cameron Highlanders of Canada -- Winnipeg
The Royal Westminster Regiment -- Westminster, BC
The Calgary Highlanders -- Calgary
The Seaforth Highlanders of Canada -- Vancouver, BC
The Canadian Scottish Regiment (Princess Mary`s) -- Victoria, BC
The Royal Montreal Regiment -- Westmount, Quebec
2nd Bn, The Irish Regiment of Canada -- Sudbury, Ontario
The Toronto Scottish Regiment -- Toronto, Ontario
1st Bn, The Royal Newfoundland Regiment -- St.John`s
2nd Bn, The Royal Newfoundland Regiment
Les Fusiliers de Sherbrooke -- Sherbrooke, Quebec
The Canadian Rangers
Engineer Regiments (battalions):
2nd Field Engineer Regiment -- Ontario
3rd Field Engineer Regiment -- Westmount, Quebec
6th Field Engineer Regiment
8th Field Engineer Regiment -- Alberta
25th Field Engineer Sqn -- Edmonton
33rd Field Engineer Sqn -- Calgary
9th Field Engineer Regiment
10 Escadron du Genie de Combat -- Ste Foy, Quebec
9 Ecuadron du Genie de Combat -- Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec
56th Field Engineer Regiment -- Pleasantville, Newfoundland
54th Field Engineer Sqn -- Chilliwack, BC
45th Field Engineer Sqn -- Sydney, NS
6th Field Engineer Sqn -- Vancouver, BC
3rd Field Engineer Sqn
31st Field Engineer Sqn -- Winnipeg
44th Field Engineer Sqn -- Vancouver, BC
17th Field Engineer Sqn
21st Field Engineer Sqn
14 Artillery Regiments (battalions), 4 independent Batteries:
1st Field Regiment RCA -- Halifax, NS
51st Bty -- Halifax, NS
87th Bty -- Dartmouth, NS
2nd Field Regiment RCA -- Montreal, Quebec
7th Bty
50th Bty
66th Bty
3rd Field Regiment RCA -- Saint-John, New Brunswick
89th Bty Woodstock, NB
115th Bty St.John, NB
5th (British Columbia) Field Regiment -- Victoria, BC
55th Bty
6e Regiment d`Artillerie de campagne -- Levis, Quebec
57e Batterie -- Montmagny, Quebec
58e Batterie -- Quebec, Quebec
7th Toronto Regiment RCA -- Toronto, Ontario
9th Bty
15th Bty
130th Bty
10th Field Regiment RCA -- Regina
18th Bty -- Regina
64th Bty -- Yorkton
11th Field Regiment RCA -- Guelph
11th Bty
16th Bty
29th Bty
15th Field Regiment RCA -- Vancouver
31st Bty
68th Bty
20th Field Regiment RCA -- Edmonton
61st Bty
78th Bty
26th Field Regiment RCA -- Brandon
13th Bty -- Portage-la-Prairie
71st Bty -- Brandon
30th Field Regiment RCA -- Ottawa
1st Bty
2nd Bty
49th Field Regiment RCA -- Sault Ste.Marie
30th Bty
148th Bty
56th Field Regiment RCA -- Brantford
10th Bty -- St.Catherines
54th Bty --Brantford
69th (Norfolk) Bty -- Simcoe
62e Regiment d`Artillerie de Campagne -- Shawinigian, Quebec
81st Bty
185th Bty
186th Bty
Independent Batteries
84th Independent Field Battery RCA -- Yarmouth, NS
116th Independent Field Battery RCA -- Kenora
20th Independent Field Battery RCA -- Lethbridge

Note 1: Militia major units were effectively at company strength or less at any given time, although Isby and Kamps estimate in Armies of NATO’s Central front that each could call upon a company or more of recently released personnel in an emergency.

Note 2: Canada had acquired 64 TUAs (TOW Under Armour) M113 anti-tank vehicles by 1989, replacing many M150s.

Note 3: Equipment Holdings:
Tanks: 114 Leopard 1A3
Light Tanks: 195 Cougar (LAV 6X6 w/76mm gun)
Recon: 174 Lynx C&R
APCs: 945 M113A1 (including variants), 269 Grizzly (LAV 6X6)
Artillery: 50 M109A1 155mm SP, 26 M109A2 155mm SP, 57 M114 155mm towed, 179 C1 (US M101) 105mm towed, 12 C5 (Italian M56) 105mm para
Air Defence: some ADATS (delivery underway, 36 ordered), 111 Blowpipe, 15 Javelin
Helicopters: 13 CH-139, 63 CH-136, 9 CH-118, 46 CH-135, 41 CH-113A Labrador, 7 CH-147 (CH-47)