I'm familiar with a few of them. Amerika I watched at the time, although I really can't recall anything about it now other than it involved the Soviets splitting the US into various puppet states...iirc the action centred on one of those puppet states called 'Heartland' which was ruled by a character played by Sam Neill. Kris Kristofferson played the hero. iirc the end was quite bleak...
I also saw the episode of Doctor Who in question, which is probably most memorable for the use of a pantomime horse as one of the monsters. iirc the idea behind the Cold War setting was that the monsters were going to try and get convince each side that the other was attacking them thus triggering a global nuclear war (yep, that old trope).
Judge Dredd: the Apocalypse War I am very familiar with. I eagerly awaited each instalment as a 13 year old in 1982...it was one of the true 2000AD epics.
If you're not familiar with it, 2000AD is a British sci fi comic that was first published in around 1977. It did publish a better example of a Cold War story, although it's not sci fi - it was called Invasion and has been discussed on this forum at least once before:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion!_%282000_AD%29
(I'm not familiar with the sequel, Savage)
They also published Rogue Trooper in the 1980's, which was a future war story and was also epic
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogue_Trooper