In USSR there was huge differences where and how people should find shelter during war time. Facilities that were deemed important to war effort had usually great shelters that provided not just fall out protection, but good protection against over pressure and conventional attacks.
In practice you should find good shelters in Communist party buildings, police stations and all industrial facilities that provided any kind of services to armed forces during peace or war time.
Areas where party members or spetsi (specialist) lived you could find good shelters. It was less likely to find good shelters in working class areas, unless there was metro station.
People who lived outside urban areas had to use basements or other places that provided some kind protection against nuclear or conventional attacks. Even in collective farms there was people who had civil defense training and who had some skill to build dugout shelters.
There was mandatory civil defense training in soviet schools and workplaces. Usually, most people just trained how to get in the shelter. If there wasn’t shelter in the facility, you should wear gas mask and go to basement or ground floor room without windows. Some older men were trained to NBC-recon, firefighting or decontamination duties.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EkFS...-broNVYTs2zAw0