Spectrometer. Used a lot by foundries to verify the exact contents of a pour of cast steel or iron it can be used for IDing a wide variety of elements and their percentages in a sample. It vaporizes a small (1gram(?)) sample of material and can analyze the contents based on spectral lines (compared to those of known elements). Very useful for many missions. The ones I have seen are about 1 cubic meter in size. Assume some Morrow Project handwavium and they could be say 10 cm x 5 cm x 5 cm and mass about 100 kg. Need lots of power so part of a science one or permanently attached to a fusion powered vehicle.
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