It was Carl Sagan and his cronies that termed the Nuclear Winter phrase after doing their "TTAPS" study, in which they predicted the massive drop in temps etc after global nuclear war. Their model however was found flawed as it was a smooth ball, not taking into affect the mountains, rivers, lakes and other physical features that effect climate. The final prognosis is Nucler Autumn. Still not a pretty future from agrarian perspectives.
This debate has been going on for nearly 30 years, and of course, short of war, the therory can't be tested.
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