Depends on the volume you want and what need to remove. If you are killing amoebas/paramecium that is one thing, if you are removing PCBs or heavy metals that is another.
The most primitive I know of requires only a sheet of plastic, a collection vessel, a hole, 4 stakes, and a rock.
I think most water will be simply filtered for large particulates (maybe through sand in a cloth) and then probably boiled if fuel is available.
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