The cantonment system also maximized what fuel they had - i.e. they didnt waste fuel, especially alcohol fuel, trying to ship food hundreds of miles. What food was shipped like that most likely was very stable food that was shipped either by horse drawn wagon with cavalry escort or by sailing ship. Thats why control of the Mississippi was so important to MilGov - with that (once they retook Memphis) they were able to transport what was available using barges just like was done in the 1840's.
FYI places like Hawaii would have been not very fun places to be in T2K. Those islands have never been self sufficient in modern times in food. Even to this day a lot of the arable land grows sugar and pineapple and nuts. Not exactly a great diet. And while fishing can provide food you have to get the ships converted to sail. (Read the two Turtledove books on a WWII Japanese conquest of Hawaii to see the kinds of issues they would have had.)
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