The Republic of Korea Sourcebook

[dragoon500ly]

Well, as promised (threatened) here is the 1st draft of the Republic of Korea Sourcebook for Twilight 2000. As always, comments, suggestions and flames are gratefully accepted!


Sources are the usual, The CIA Fact Book-ROK; Military Balance; The Almanac of World Military Power and Wikipedia


Republic of Korea (South)
Area: 38,031 square miles
Population: 39,400,000
Total Armed Forces: 622,000
Crude Steel Production: 2.7 million metric tons
Iron Ore Production: 621,000 metric tons
Fuel Production
Coal: 16.4 million metric tons
Refined Petroleum Products: 18 million metric tons
Electric Power Output: 26.5 billion kwh
Nuclear Power Production: 1,200 megawatts
Merchant Fleet (ships 1,000 tons and over): 241 ships; 2.2 million gross tons
Civil Air Fleet: 17 jet, 11 turboprop transports

Geography

South Korea occupies the southern portion of the*Korean Peninsula, which extends some 1,100*km (680*mi) from the Asian mainland. This mountainous peninsula is flanked by theYellow Sea*to the west, and*Sea of Japan*(East Sea) to the east. Its southern tip lies on the*Korea Strait*and the*East China Sea.

The country, including all its islands, lies between latitudes*33°*and*39°N, and longitudes124°*and*130°E. Its total area is 100,032 square kilometers (38,622.57*sq*mi).

South Korea is divided into four general regions: an eastern region of high mountain ranges and narrow*coastal plains; a western region of broad coastal plains,*river basins, and rolling hills; a southwestern region of mountains and valleys; and a southeastern region dominated by the broad basin of the*Nakdong River.

South Korea's terrain is mostly mountainous, most of which is not*arable.*Lowlands, located primarily in the west and southeast, make up only 30% of the total land area.

Some three thousand islands, mostly small and uninhabited, lie off the western and southern coasts of South Korea.*The largest island, Jeju-do,*is about 100 kilometers (about 60*mi) off the southern coast of South Korea. With an area of 1,845 square kilometers (712*sq*mi). Jeju-do is also the site of South Korea's highest point:*Hallasan, an extinct*volcano, reaches 1,950 meters (6,398*ft)*above sea level. The easternmost islands of South Korea include Ulleungdo and Liancourt Rocks*(Dokdo), while*Marado*and Socotra Rock*are the southernmost islands of South Korea.

Climate
South Korea tends to have a*humid continental climate*and a*humid subtropical climate, and is affected by the*East Asian monsoon, with*precipitation*heavier in summer during a short rainy season called*jangma, which begins at the end of June through the end of July. Winters can be extremely cold with the minimum temperature dropping
below*-20 °C*(-4*°F)*in the inland region of the country: in Seoul, the average January temperature range is -7*to*1*°C (19*to 34*°F), and the average August temperature range is 22*to*30*°C (72*to 86*°F). Winter temperatures are higher along the southern coast and considerably lower in the mountainous interior.*Summers can be uncomfortably hot and humid, with temperatures exceeding*30 °C (86*°F)*in most parts of the country. South Korea has four distinct seasons; spring, summer, autumn and winter. Spring usually lasts from late-March to early- May, summer from mid-May to early-September, autumn from mid-September to early-November, and winter from mid-November to mid-March.

Rainfall is concentrated in the summer months of June through September. The southern coast is subject to late summer*typhoons*that bring strong winds and heavy rains. The average annual precipitation varies from 1,370 millimeters (54*in) in Seoul to 1,470 millimeters (58*in) in Busan (Pusan).

Defense Structure
The Republic of Korea (ROK) has a strong presidential form of government. The ROK president is the constitutional commander of the nation’s armed forces; he also heads the State Council (cabinet) which is the highest administrative organ and includes the minister of national defense.

The president is assisted by the National Security Council, of which he is the chairman and which includes the prime minister, the ministers of national defense, economic planning, foreign affairs, home affairs, and finance and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency. The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff also participates in NSC meetings. General control over the armed forces is exercised by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who are administratively responsible to the national defense minister.

Politico-Military Policy
The current primary objective of the Republic of Korea is to maintain its independence in the face of the ever present invasion threat from Communist North Korea. A less realistic goal is to overthrow the North Korean regime, regarded as the illegal occupier of the north, and reunite the Korean peninsula under the South Korean government. The first policy is strongly supported by the United States. The United Nations, which is pledged to defend the ROK from aggression, also supports Korea’s peaceful reunification under UN-supervised free elections.

Any such peaceful reunification seems precluded in the foreseeable future. North Korea’s independence and military strength are supported by both the Soviet Union and the People’s Republic of China. The military establishments of North and South Korea, backed by alliances with the world’s greatest powers, are poised in an uneasy deadlock which neither dares break. High level discussions between representatives of the two Korean governments are not fruitful for a variety of reasons, all rooted in the almost total distrust that each side feels for the other.

Meanwhile, South Korea seeks to increase its military and economic strength and decrease its dependence on the United States. The 1968 North Korean attempt to assassinate the ROK president, the capture of the U.S. intelligence ship Pueblo, the shooting down by North Korean aircraft of a U.S. EC-121 aircraft over international waters on April 15, 1969, caused a rapid modernization of the South Korean and American forces defending the ROK. The ROK also benefited from its contribution of 50,000 troops in Vietnam, which resulted in increased U.S. aid and promises of profitable reconstruction in South Korea.

Military service is compulsory for all physically fit adult males. After completing service (thirty-three months of the army and marines and thirty-six months for the navy and air force), the individual is automatically a member of the reserve force.

Strategic Problems
South Korea’s main strategic vulnerability is the proximity of all ROK targets, including concentrated industries and population centers, to air attacks from North Korea, Communist China and the Soviet Union. The ROK is also vulnerable to ground infiltration or attack from the north. South Korea has taken energetic measures against constant North Korean infiltration and sabotage, including the forming of special counter-insurgency units, intensive coastal patrols and a home guard militia. In view of the strong anticommunism of the majority of South Koreans, and their general support of the ROK government, there is little likelihood of indigenous guerrilla warfare arising, although civil disturbances are not uncommon. With continued U.S. military commitment and the maintenance of a strong ROK defense structure, the chances of an all-out attack from North Korea are slight. Should the Korean War be renewed, there is little chance of either side mounting a quick knockout blow.

The artificial division of the Korean peninsula in 1945 left the South with the agricultural, unindustrialized portion of the country and the less educated and more unskilled part of the population. Movement from rural to urban areas subsequently increased economic problems. In recent years, however, there has been a boom in exports, which has helped to reduce the large gap in balance of payments.

Military Assistance
The ROK military forces are very dependent on U.S. aid. American military assistance from 1946 through 1977 amounted to $4.9 billion. The U.S. has improved the weapons of the ROK armed forces and enlarged and updated the ROK Air Force. The U.S. maintains military advisory groups in Korea which equip and train all four ROK services. Most of South Korea’s military units are under the operational control of the United Nations Command, which is Korea’s senior military headquarters. The UN Commander is also the commanding general of the U.S. Eighth Army

Alliances
The ROK-US alliance, embodied in the Mutual Defense Treaty of November 1954, provides that the parties will consult each other if threatened by external attack. The treaty also states that an armed attack on the Pacific territories controlled by either signatory would be dangerous to the security of the other.

Soviet and U.S. opposition has kept both Koreas out of the United Nations. The ROK is a member of the Asian and Pacific Council (ASPAC), the Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and the World Heath Organization (WHO). The ROK is also a founding member of the Asian Nations Anti-Communist League.

[dragoon500ly]

Republic of Korea Army
The*Republic of Korea Army*(ROKA; Daehanminguk Yuk-gun), also known as the*ROK Army, is the largest of the military branches of the*South Korean armed forces*with 540,000 members as of 1995. South Korea also maintains a Regular Army Reserve of 1,400,000 men, forming 23 infantry divisions and a Homeland Reserve Defense Force of 3,300,000 men that provides a variety of replacements and internal security units

Overview
The army is structured to operate in the mountainous terrain native to the*Korean Peninsula*(70% mountainous) The current administration has initiated a program over the next two decades to design a purely domestic means of self-defense, whereby*South Korea would be able to fully counter a*North Korean*attack.

The ROK Army is organized into 3 armies: the First Army (FROKA), Second Army (SROKA) and Third Army (TROKA) Each with its own headquarters, corps, and divisions. The Third Army is responsible for the defense of the capital as well as the western section of the*DMZ. The First Army is responsible for the defense of the eastern section of the DMZ whereas the Second Army forms an operational reserve as well as guards the remainder of the country.

History
The modern Korean Army traces its lineage back to the*Gwangmu Reform, when the*Beolgyegoon*was established by Emperor Gojong*in 1881. in The 1st of every October is celebrated in South Korea as the Armed Forces Day. It commemorates the day during the*Korean War*when units of the ROK Army first crossed the 38th Parallel, thus leading the UN Coalition north into North Korean territory for the first time.

Organization

Republic of Korea Army Headquarters
Army Missile Command
Air Operations Command
1st Aviation Brigade
2nd Aviation Brigade
Capital Defense Command
1st Chemical Defense Brigade
122nd Signal Brigade
10th Air Defense Artillery Group
1113th Engineer Group
52nd Homeland Defense Infantry Division
56th Homeland Defense Infantry Division
60th Reserve Infantry Division
71st Reserve Infantry Division
Special Warfare Command*
707th Special Mission Battalion*
Special Warfare Training Group
1st Special Forces Brigade (Airborne)
3rd Special Forces Brigade (Airborne)
5th Special Forces Brigade (Airborne)
7th Special Forces Brigade (Airborne)
9th Special Forces Brigade (Airborne)
11th Special Forces Brigade (Airborne)
Oversea Deployment Group
Army Logistics Command
Consolidated Maintenance Depot
Consolidated Supply Depot
Ammunition Support Command
Army Training & Doctrine Command*
Students' Central Military School
Conjoined Armed Forces College
Technical Schools
Korea Combat Training Center (KCTC)
Korea Army Training Center (KATC)
Army Combat Development Group
Korea Army Academy at Yeongcheon*
Korea Military Academy*

First Republic of Korea Army (FROKA)
3rd Armored Brigade
11th Field Artillery Group
12th Aviation Group
1107th Engineer Group
1170th Engineer Group
11th Signal Brigade
11th Infantry Division (Mechanized)
1st Logistical Support Command
II Corps*
2nd Artillery Brigade
2nd Engineer Brigade
102nd Signal Brigade
702nd Special Assault Regiment
302nd Security Regiment
7th Infantry Division*
15th Infantry Division
27th Infantry Division
III Corps*
3rd Artillery Brigade
3rd Engineer Brigade
103rd Signal Brigade
703rd Special Assault Regiment
303rd Security Regiment
2nd Infantry Division*
12th Infantry Division
21st Infantry Division
VIII Corps
8th Artillery Brigade
102nd Infantry Brigade (Mechanized)
108th Signal Brigade
22nd Infantry Division
23rd Infantry Division
Second Republic of Korea Army (SROKA)
12th Signal Group
21st Aviation Group
201st Special Assault Brigade
203rd Special Assault Brigade
1117th Engineer Group
1120th Engineer Group
5th Logistical Support Command
31st Homeland Defense Infantry Division
32nd Homeland Defense Infantry Division
35th Homeland Defense Infantry Division
37th Homeland Defense Infantry Division
39th Homeland Defense Infantry Division
50th Homeland Defense Infantry Division
53rd Homeland Defense Infantry Division
Third Republic of Korea Army (TROKA)
1st Air Defense Artillery Brigade
1101st Engineer Group
1173rd Engineer Group
1175th Engineer Group
2nd Logistical Support Command
5th Supply Unit
3rd Logistical Support Command
Capital Corps
Capital Artillery Brigade
100th Signal Brigade
700th Special Assault Regiment
17th Infantry Division
51st Infantry Division
55th Infantry Division
I Corps
2nd Armored Brigade
1st Engineer Brigade
101st Signal Brigade
11th Aviation Group
701st Special Assault Regiment
301st Security Regiment
1st Artillery Brigade
1st Infantry Division*
9th Infantry Division*
25th Infantry Division*
30th Infantry Division (Mechanized)
72nd Reserve Infantry Division
V Corps
1st Armored Brigade
5th Engineer Brigade
105th Signal Brigade
15th Aviation Group
705th Special Assault Regiment
305th Security Regiment
5th Artillery Brigade
3rd Infantry Division*
6th Infantry Division*
8th Infantry Division*(Mechanized)
VI Corps 'ADVANCE'*
5th Armored Brigade
6th Engineer Brigade
106th Signal Brigade
16th Aviation Group
706th Special Assault Regiment
306th Security Regiment
6th Artillery Brigade
5th Infantry Division
26th Infantry Division (Mechanized)
28th Infantry Division
VII Maneuver Corps
7th Artillery Brigade
7th Engineer Brigade
107th Signal Brigade
17th Aviation Group
7th Assault Unit
Capital Infantry Division
20th Infantry Division (Mechanized)

Military ranks
Officer ranks can be learned fairly easily if one sees the pattern. "So" equals small; "Jung" equals medium; "Dae" equals large.

"Jun" equals equivalent, used for Warrant Officer and 1 star general to ensure that they are regarded as officer/general, although these ranks are lower than the same grade with "So" rank.

"Won" equals principal, only used for Won-Su, General of the Army.

Each of these is coupled with "wi" equals company grade, "ryung" equals field grade, and "jang" equals general.

NCO rank is same as officer. "Ha" (?) equals lower; "Jung" equals medium; "Sang" equals high; "Won" equals principal, because this title is named after Won-Su, to ensure that this rank is higher than Sang-sa.

Each of these is coupled with "Sa" equals sergeant, although actual 'sergeant' rank is "Byeong-jang".
This system is due to the*hanja*or*Sino-Korean*origin of the names.

Commissioned officers
ROK Army Rank US Army Equalivant
Won-su General of the Army
Dae-jang General
Jung-jang Lieutenant General
So-jang Major General
Jun-jang Brigadier General
Dae-ryeong Colonel
Jung-ryeong Lieutenant Colonel
So-ryeong Major
Dae-wi Captain
Jung-wi First Lieutenant
So-wi Second Lieutenant

Warrant Officers
Jun-wi Warrant Officer

Non-Commissioned Officers
Won-sa Sergeant Major
Sang-sa Master Sergeant
Jung-sa Sergeant First Class
Ha-sa Staff Sergeant

Enlisted
Byeong-jang Sergeant
Sang-byeong Corporal
Il-bueong Private First Class
Yi-byeong Private

List of equipment of the Republic of Korea Army
1,200 M-47/M-48A3/M-48A5 MBT
500 M-113, 350 Fiat 6614 APC
2,500 M-53 155mm SP Guns, M-107 175mm SP Guns, M-101 105mm towed hows, M-114 155mmtowed hows, M-115 203mm towed hows, M-110 203mm hows; 130mm SP MRLs;
5,300 81mm and 107mm mortars
12 Honest John SSMs
5,800 75mm, 90mm and 106mm RCLs
400 TOW ATGM
66 Vulcan and 40 40mm AA guns
110 HAWK SAMs
100 Nike Hercules SAMs
14 O-2 light ac
100 UH-1B, 100 OH-6A, 25 Hughes 500MD, 90 Scout helos

On Order:
M-109A2 155mm SP hows, TOW ATGM, Hughes 500MD helos, Scout helos

[dragoon500ly]

Republic of Korea Air Force

The*Republic of Korea Air Force*(ROKAF;**Daehanminguk Gong-gun), also known as the*ROK Air Force, is under the South Korean Ministry of National Defense. The ROKAF has about 450 combat aircraft.

History
Early years
Shortly after the end of*World War II, the South Korean Air Construction Association was founded on August 10, 1946 to publicize the importance of air power. Despite the then-scanty status of Korean armed forces, the first air unit was formed on May 5, 1948 under the direction of Dong Wi-bu, the forerunner to the modern South Korean*Ministry of National Defense. On September 13, 1949, the*United States*contributed 10*L-4 Grasshopper observation aircraft to the South Korean air unit. An Army Air Academy was founded on January, 1949, and the ROKAF was officially founded on October, 1949.

Korean War
The 1950s were a critical time for the ROKAF as it expanded tremendously during theKorean War. At the outbreak of the war, the ROKAF consisted of 1,800 personnel but was equipped with only 20 trainer and*liaison aircraft, including 10*North American T-6 Texan advanced trainers purchased from*Canada. The North Korean air force*had acquired a considerable number of*Yak-9*and*La-7*fighters from the*Soviet Union, dwarfing the ROKAF in terms of size and strength. However, during the course of the war, the ROKAF acquired 110 aircraft: including 79 fighter-bombers, forming three fighter squadrons, and one fighter wing. The first combat aircraft received were*North American F-51D Mustangs, along with a contingent of*US Air Force*instructor pilots under the command of Major*Dean Hess, as part of*the Bout One*Project. The ROKAF participated in bombing operations and flew independent sorties. After the war, the ROKAF Headquarters was moved to Daebangdong,*Seoul. Air Force University was also founded in 1956.

1960s
To counter the threat of possible North Korean aggression, the ROKAF underwent a substantial capability enhancement. The ROKAF acquired*T-28*trainers,*F-86D*night- and all-weather interceptors,*F-5*fighters and*F-4D*fighter bombers. Air Force Operations Command was established in 1961 to secure efficient command and control facilities. Air Force Logistics Command was established in 1966, and emergency runways were constructed for emergency use during wartime. The Eunma Unit was founded in 1966 to operate*C-46*aircraft used to support*Republic of Korea Army*and*Republic of Korea Marine Corps*units serving in South Vietnam during the*Vietnam War.

1970s
The ROKAF was posed with a security risk, with an increasingly belligerent North Korea throughout the 1970s. The South Korean government increased its expenditure on the ROKAF, resulting in purchase of*F-5E*fighters in August 1974 and F-4E fighter bombers. Support aircraft, such as*C-123s*and*S-2s*were also purchased at the time. Great emphasis was placed in the flight training program; new trainer aircraft (T-41*and*T-37) were purchased, and the Air Force Education & Training Command was also founded in 1973 to consolidate and enhance the quality of personnel training.

1980s
The ROKAF concentrated on qualitative expansion of aircraft to catch up to the strength of North Korean Air Force. In 1982, Korean variants of the F-5E, the were first produced. The ROKAF gathered a good deal of information on the North Korean Air Force when Captain Lee Woong-pyeong, a North Korean pilot, defected to South Korea. The Korean Combat Operations Information center was soon formed and the Air Defense System was automated to attain air superiority against*North Korea. When the1988 Seoul Olympics*was held in*South Korea, the ROKAF contributed to the success of this event by helping to oversee the entire security system. The ROKAF also moved its headquarters and the Air Force Education & Training Command to other locations. Forty*F-16 Fighting Falcon*fighters were purchased in 1989.

1990s
South Korea committed its support for coalition forces during the*Persian Gulf War, forming the "Bima Unit" to fight in the war. The ROKAF also provided*airlift*support for peacekeeping operations in*Somalia*in 1993. The increased participation in international operations depicted the ROKAF's elevated international position. Over 180*KF-16*fighters of*F-16 Block 52*specifications were introduced as part of the Peace Bridge II & III program from 1994.

The South Korean variant the of*F-15E*were named the F-15K*Slam Eagle*due to their capability to launch the*SLAM-ER*missiles and Harpoon missiles.

Order of Battle

Republic of Korea Air Force Headquarters*
Air Force Operations Command*
5th Tactical Airlift Wing ,based at*Gimhae*
251st Tactical Air Support Squadron flying*12 C-130H*and 6 C-130H-30
256th Tactical Air Support Squadron flying 18 CN235-100M
258th Tactical Support Squadron flying 12 CN235-100M and 6 CN235-220M
259th Tactical Air Support Squadron flying*16 UH-60P
15th Composite Wing , based at*Seongnam*
237th Tactical Control Squadron flying*20 KA-1
255th Special Operations Squadron flying 8 C-130H
257th Tactical Air Transport Squadron flying 8 C-130H
35th Combined Group
296th Special Transport Squadron flying the 2 HS-748; 2 CN235-220M; 1 Boeing 737-3Z6 3 Sikorsky VH-60P
6th Combat Control Team/Combat Search And Rescue Group with 12 UH-1H
Air Force Northern Combat Command*
8th Fighter Wing , based at*Wonju*
103rd Fighter Squadron flying 18 F-5E/F-5F/KF-5F
207th Fighter Squadron flying 18 KF-5E and KF-5F
288th Electronic Fighter Squadron flying*8 Harpy
239th Special Squadron, aka.*Black Eagles Aerobatic Team with 12 F-5E
10th Fighter Wing, based at*Suwon*
101st Fighter Squadron flying 18 KF-5E/KF-5F/F-5F
201st Fighter Squadron flying 18 KF-5E/KF-5F/F-5F
39th Tactical Reconnaissance Group
131st Tactical Reconnaissance Squadron flying 17 RF-4C Phantom
17th Fighter Wing, based at*Cheongju*
152nd Fighter Squadron flying 18 F-4E
153rd Fighter Squadron flying 18 F-4E
156th Fighter Squadron flying 18 F-4E
29th Tactical Development & Training Group
191st Tactical Development & Training Squadron flying 18 F-16C/D and KF-16C/D
192nd Tactical Development & Training Squadron flying 18 F-5E/F and KF-5E/F
6th Search & Rescue Group
233rd Combat Search & Rescue Squadron flying 8 Bell 412, 6 Eurocopter AS532L/L2 Cougar and*12 Sikorsky*HH-60P helicopters
235th Combat Search & Rescue Squadron flying*10 Boeing Vertol HH-47D Chinook*helicopters
18th Fighter Wing, based at*Gangneung*
19th Fighter Wing, based at*Chungju*
161st Fighter Squadron flying 18 F-16C/D (Block32)
162nd Fighter Squadron flying 18 F-16C/D (Block32)
155th Fighter Squadron flying 18 KF-16C/D (Block52)
159th Fighter Squadron flying 18 KF-16C/D (Block52)
20th Fighter Wing, based at*Seosan*
120th Fighter Squadron flying 18 KF-16C/D (Block52)
121st Fighter Squadron flying 18 KF-16C/D (Block52)
123rd Fighter Squadron flying 18 KF-16C/D (Block52)
157th Fighter Squadron flying 18 KF-16C/D (Block52)
Air Force Southern Combat Command*
1st Fighter Wing, based at*Gwangju
11th Fighter Wing, based at*Daegu*
102nd Fighter Squadron flying 18 F-15K
122nd Fighter Squadron flying 18 F-15K
110th Fighter Squadron flying 18 F-15K
16th Fighter Wing, based at*Yecheon*
202nd Fighter Squadron flying 18 F-5E/F-5F/KF-5F
216th Flying Training Squadron flying 16 T-59 (BAe Hawk Mk.67)
38th Fighter Group, based at*Gunsan
111th Fighter Squadron flying 18 KF-16
Air Defense Artillery Command*
1st Air Defense Artillery Brigade with 24 IHAWK SAMs
2nd Air Defense Artillery Brigade with 24 IHAWK SAMs
3rd Air Defense Artillery Brigade with 24 IHAWK SAMs
30th Air Defense and Control Wing, based at*Osan*
1st Master Control and Report Center Group, based at*Osan*
2nd Master Control and Report Center Group, based at*Daegu*
Air Force Logistics Command*
Maintenance Depots
Supply Depots
Transportation Groups
Air Force Education & Training Command*
Basic Military Training Wing
3rd Flying Training Wing
Air Force Aviation Science High School
Technical Schools
Aerospace Projects Group
Aerial Combat Development Group*
Air Force Academy

Military ranks
Officer ranks can be learned fairly easily if one sees the pattern. "So" equals small; "Jung" equals medium; "Dae" equals large. "Jun" equals the prefix sub-.. Each of these is coupled with "wi" equals company grade, "ryeong" equals field grade, and "jang" equals general. This system is due to the*hanja*or*Sino-Korean*origin of the names.

ROK Air Force Rank US Air Force Equalivant
Commissioned officers
Dae-jang General
Jung-jang Lieutenant General
So-jang Major General
Jun-jang Brigadier General
Dae-ryeong Colonel
Jung-ryeong Lieutenant Colonel
So-ryeong Major
Dae-wi Captain
Jung-wi First Lieutenant
So-wi Second Lieutenant

Warrant Officers
Jun-wi Warrant Officer

Non-Commissioned Officers
Won-sa Chief Master Sergeant
Sang-sa Senior Master Sergeant
Jung-wa Master Sergeant
Ha-sa Technical Sergeant

Enlisted Ranks
Byeong-sang Sergeant
Sang-byeong Senior Airman
Il-byeong Airman First Class
I-byeong Airman
Shinbyeong Airman Basic