Going by canon in the various versions, it seems that Israel survives the war pretty much intact (except for possibly a nuke strike on Ashdod, as one of the members' own timelines had).
If we go by the assumption that 95%+ of Egypt is killed when the Aswan Dam gets nuked, then that leaves Israel (and the Palestinians) more or less alone in a tough neighborhood. In the SW is a destroyed Egypt, a nuked Suez Canal (if we go with the assumption that the Russians nuked it to deny NATO) and a Sinai that's become a lawless wasteland and likely teeming with refugees trying to get to Israel. In the north is Lebanon and Syria, and in the east is Jordan, each of the three experiencing various degrees of unrest, warfare and possible nuclear strikes. And remember, at this time Israel would still be occupying Southern Lebanon.
So in the midst of all the chaos, what happens to the Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank? Does Israel make some kind of truce with the PLO, Hamas and other organizations and shield the areas and their inhabitants from the surrounding chaos, kind of like in
World War Z? Are the Palestinians reduced to a serf-like existence, bowing and scraping to the Israelis in exchange for IDF military protection? Or does it get darker, with the Israelis enacting their own "Trail of Tears", expelling all the Palestinians to the Sinai, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan. Or - god forbid -
genocide?!
Note: I understand the whole Israel-Palestine question is a touchy one on the net in general, and I'm certainly not advocating ethnic cleansing and/or genocide, just to let everyone know.