Carbine V Bullpup

[Legbreaker]

Bullpups in general do not have the same range limitations as carbines - they have around the same barrel length as a full sized rifle while the overall weapon length is similar to a carbine.
Provided the sights, whether iron of optical, are up to the job (and most primarly sight systems are), a bullpup weapon is easily able to accurately place shots at range just like a conventional weapon.
Carbines are a totally different animal, primarily designed for vehicle crews and to fill specialist roles. They have found favour amongst many infantryman mainly because of their lesser bulk (believe me, every gram counts when you're foot mobile).
Obviously there are differences between individual weapon designs - a folding or telescopic butt will have certain benefits/drawbacks to a fixed one for example.